In recent years, cases of "flesh-eating bacteria" infections in Japan have surged, surpassing a thousand cases and setting a historical high. According to Japan's health authorities, as of June 9, 2023, the cumulative number of reported cases reached 1,019, far exceeding last year's total of 941. This infection carries a mortality rate of up to 30%, and the specific causes of the increase are still unclear, although similar cases have also been reported in the United States and the United Kingdom.

The so-called "flesh-eating bacteria" infection is medically known as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, primarily caused by β-hemolytic streptococcus. This condition is known for its rapid progression and high fatality rate, often leading to shock and multiple organ failure within 24 to 48 hours after symptoms appear.

Symptoms and Transmission
The initial symptoms of "flesh-eating bacteria" infections can easily be mistaken for those of a cold, including sore throat, fever, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and vomiting. As the condition worsens, patients may experience soft tissue necrosis, respiratory failure, and renal or hepatic failure, leading to multiple organ failure.

Streptococci are widely distributed in nature, and can normally be carried on human skin, in the nasopharynx, and in the intestines. After infection, they can cause a range of diseases, such as acute tonsillitis, pneumonia, and severe streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.

Reasons for the Surge in Cases
Experts in Japan speculate that the sharp increase in infections this year may be linked to the emergence of a new variant, the "M1UK lineage," as well as a decline in public immunity to streptococci. Additionally, the relaxation of COVID-19 preventive measures may also be a contributing factor.

Streptococci primarily spread through respiratory droplets and direct contact with damaged skin. Specific high-risk groups, such as those with skin ulcers, recent surgical patients, individuals with diabetes, and those with alcohol dependence, should exercise particular caution.