Endometriosis (EM) is a common condition affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue (including glands and stroma) outside the uterus. This condition can cause pain, infertility, and the formation of nodules or cysts, often presenting as dysmenorrhea, abnormal menstrual cycles, pain during intercourse, and infertility. The incidence of endometriosis has been rising in recent years, significantly impacting the quality of life and health of those affected. So, how is endometriosis treated?

Treatment Options for Endometriosis:
Observation and Expectant Management
For mild or asymptomatic cases, doctors may recommend a watchful waiting approach. This involves monitoring the condition without immediate treatment, allowing for regular check-ups to adjust the treatment plan if needed.

Medication Therapy
Medication is a primary treatment method aimed at suppressing ovarian function to halt the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue, reduce lesion activity, and prevent adhesions. Common medications include oral contraceptives, high-dose progestins, androgen derivatives, and GnRH agonists. While effective in shrinking endometrial tissue, these medications can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, weight gain, and potential liver or kidney issues with long-term use.

Surgical Treatment
For patients who do not respond to medication, surgery may be necessary. The primary goal is to excise visible lesions and restore normal anatomy. However, due to the high recurrence rate of endometriosis, postoperative medication is often required to prevent relapse. Currently, focused ultrasound ablation is gaining popularity as a minimally invasive surgical option due to its reduced pain and quick recovery time.

Treatment plans for endometriosis should consider the patient's age, fertility desires, symptom severity, and extent of the disease. Individualized and standardized treatment strategies are crucial for improving outcomes and minimizing recurrence. A combined approach of surgery and medication is the current mainstream strategy to achieve optimal results.

In addition to active treatment, prevention and self-care are essential for reducing the risk of recurrence. Patients should maintain a positive outlook, keep warm, avoid cold exposure, refrain from vigorous exercise and heavy lifting during menstruation, stabilize their emotions, and limit sexual activity. Moreover, minimizing surgical interventions like abortions or curettage and ensuring effective family planning are important preventive measures.